Research on the modeling and simulation of the rural Photovoltaic-Biogas-Storage Direct-Current and Flexible Architecture System

Under the dual carbon goals, the rapid advancement of rural energy transition and development highlights the imperative need for the integration of rural energy resources. Integrating rural energy resources is critical to address the mismatch between photovoltaic generation capacity and load demand in energy transition. In this study, we innovatively proposed a Photovoltaic-Biogas-Storage Direct-Current and Flexible Architecture System (PBS-DC-FAS), which combined photovoltaic (PV), biogas power generation, energy storage, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HAVC), and direct current (DC)-based building energy utilization. Modular modeling methods were applied to establish subsystem models and grid interaction strategies. These models and strategies were validated through a case study of Xiaohe Village's residential renovation project, employing MATLAB simulations. Meticulous attention was given to calibrating foundational data, considering meteorological conditions, and determining evaluation metrics during the validation process. Results demonstrated that the system significantly outperformed conventional systems in terms of energy flexibility, operational economy (electricity costs), carbon reduction, and stability (voltage fluctuation). The integration of multi-energy coupling and DC flexible architecture resolved rural energy supply-demand conflicts and enhanced grid resilience. We provided a replicable framework for rural decarbonization through localized energy synergy and DC-driven flexibility.