ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING PRINCIPLES FOR DESIGNING A NETWORK OF DUAL-PURPOSE PARKING LOTS IN A DEVELOPMENT

The article examines the current issues of the transformation of urban parking lots in Ukraine in the context of the rapid growth of motorization and the constant military threat. The increase in the level of private motorization in Ukrainian cities is accompanied by a significant burden on urban infrastructure, while security challenges caused by a full-scale war form new requirements for the functioning of engineering facilities. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the feasibility of rethinking the role of parking lots as dual-purpose facilities — not only transport, but also protective structures capable of providing shelter for the civilian population during emergencies. The paper examines architectural and urban planning, structural and social factors that determine the effectiveness of the integration of such multifunctional facilities into the urban structure. The current national building codes and standards, international experience in arranging protective parking lots in countries with a long history of military or terrorist threats (including Israel and Finland), and the needs of vulnerable groups of the population — internally displaced persons, persons with disabilities, and other users with limited mobility — were analyzed. The research methodology includes urban planning and functional analysis, architectural design, critical study of the regulatory framework, and GIS modeling to assess the potential for placing shelter parking lots. As a result, a typology of dual-purpose parking lots was formed, recommendations were developed regarding their functional zoning, technical equipment, engineering support, and optimal location in the urban environment. Models for forming a network of such facilities within administrative territories, taking into account building density, transport accessibility, and the level of potential danger, were separately highlighted. The results obtained confirm the feasibility of implementing a system of parking shelters as elements of increasing urban security, resilience and mobility. Further research areas include a detailed typology, a sociological analysis of the perception of such facilities by the population, the development of a comprehensive GIS model for predicting the effectiveness of the network, a comparative international study of models of civilian protection, as well as an economic justification for the implementation of the proposed solutions in different types of urban settlements in Ukraine.