INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES UNDER GLOBALIZATION

The article examines the problem of intellectual migration as an important form of international economic relations and a key feature of the current stage of development of the world economy. It is substantiated that, on the one hand, the migration of highly qualified specialists is determined by socio-economic development and conditions for professional growth in the countries of emigration and immigration, and on the other hand, it has a significant impact on national economies, as it causes the development of human capital, the influx of knowledge and skills that are scarce in the labor market of the host country. Both general, typical for migration in general, and specific ones are highlighted, which determine the intensification of the movement of the population with higher education and qualifications between countries of the world. The current data on the loss and development of intellectual capital in the world's economies are studied based on the analysis of “brain drain” indices and global talent competitiveness. Special attention is paid to the influx of foreign students seeking education as a source of replenishment of the country's intellectual capital and data on national economies that are leaders in the internationalization of education are considered. The impact of economically differentiated migration policy as a mechanism for balancing the labor market and filling “gaps” in the labor market formed by structural unemployment is considered. The impact of digitalization and “greening” of the economy on the labor market situation is examined using the example of the European Union. In particular, it has been determined that the development of the digital economy and the introduction of environmental approaches to management causes a shortage of qualified specialists, which can be covered both by developing national intellectual capital and by attracting specialists from abroad. The main steps implemented by the EU towards balancing the situation on the labor market are considered, in particular the Skills and Talent Mobility Package as a comprehensive set of measures to attract, retain and increase foreign talent.