Research Progress on the Role and Molecular Mechanisms of Dioscin in Malignant Tumors

薯蓣皂苷作为一种天然活性成分，近年来在恶性肿瘤治疗领域展现出重要的研究价值和应用潜力。恶性肿瘤是全球范围内威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一，而传统治疗手段如化疗和放疗往往伴随严重的副作用，因此开发高效低毒的新型抗肿瘤药物成为研究热点。薯蓣皂苷通过多种机制发挥抗肿瘤作用，包括抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导凋亡、抑制侵袭转移以及调节免疫微环境等。研究表明，薯蓣皂苷能够靶向调控多条信号通路，从而影响肿瘤的发生发展。然而，目前关于薯蓣皂苷的具体作用靶点和分子机制仍存在许多未解之谜，其在临床转化中的应用也面临挑战。本文系统综述了薯蓣皂苷在多种恶性肿瘤中的抗肿瘤效应及其分子机制，并探讨了其在临床前研究中的应用前景及可能的联合治疗策略，以期为薯蓣皂苷的进一步研究和临床开发提供理论支持。Dioscin, a natural bioactive compound, has recently attracted increasing attention for its potential therapeutic value and application prospects in the treatment of malignant tumors. Malignant tumors remain one of the leading global threats to human health, and conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often associated with severe adverse effects. Thus, the development of novel anticancer agents with high efficacy and low toxicity has become a research focus. Dioscin exhibits antitumor effects through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, suppression of invasion and metastasis, and modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Studies have demonstrated that dioscin can target and regulate various signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the specific molecular targets and detailed mechanisms of action of dioscin remain incompletely understood, and its clinical translation still faces several challenges. This review systematically summarizes the antitumor activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of dioscin across various types of malignancies. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of dioscin in preclinical studies and explores possible strategies for combination therapy, aiming to provide theoretical support for further investigation and clinical development of dioscin.