Research Progress on Gastric Xanthelasma

Gastric xanthoma, also known as gastric xanthelasma or lipid island of the stomach, is a benign lipid deposition lesion occurring in the gastric mucosa. It is named for its yellowish-white macroscopic appearance and is histopathologically characterized by the accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear, but it has been hypothesized to be associated with chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Recent studies indicate a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer in patients with gastric xanthoma, though the precise association between the two remains unclear. Therefore, this review comprehensively examines gastric xanthoma.