Research Progress on Preoperative Observation and Postoperative Care of Surgical Acute Abdomen

This article reviews the core progress of perioperative management of surgical acute abdomen. Preoperative: CT combined with new markers (such as intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP)) to improve the diagnostic accuracy; AI risk assessment model and multidisciplinary team (MDT) mode reduced the time from diagnosis to operation (D2S) to <3 hours. Postoperative: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway (early feeding/extubation, multimodal analgesia) shortened the length of hospital stay to 4 - 5 days, and reduced complications by 20% - 25%; Anastomotic leakage was monitored by drainage fluid amylase for early warning, and 80% of them were treated by endoscopy/interventional minimally invasive treatment. The current challenge is uneven medical resources and drug-resistant bacterial infections. The future direction will focus on AI decision-making, remote home rehabilitation and precise antibacterial strategies, and build a patient-centered continuous management system.