Agricultural non-point source pollution and agricultural green development: status, challenges and prospects

Agricultural green development (AGD) is an essential process for achieving sustainable agricultural development. Among the challenges encountered in transitioning to green agriculture, agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) is a primary concern. The environmentally friendly practices advocated by AGD promote the reduction of ANPSP by controlling the emission and spread of pollutants. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of ANPSP, examining its causes from the perspectives of spatiotemporal dynamics, pollutant tracking and control mechanisms. Additionally, it offers targeted recommendations for the prevention and control of ANPSP, focusing on pollutant tracing, integrated technologies, the application of artificial intelligence and national policies. By systematically reviewing key advances in ANPSP research and governance, this paper provides both theoretical insights and practical suggestions for the development of efficient and sustainable prevention and control systems for ANPSP.