ESSENCE, TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS

The theoretical foundations of leading scientists who believe that the term “investment” comes from the Latin word “invest”, which means “to invest”, have been studied and analyzed. However, in modern economic literature there is no single interpretation of the concept of “investment”. In foreign economic literature, the interpretation of investment as a set of goods, values, invested in entrepreneurial activity in order to obtain income (social effect) in the future is widespread. Investment theory has received further development in studies devoted to securities pricing, the creation of the concept of capital market efficiency, risk and profitability assessment models and their empirical confirmation, and the development of new financial instruments. The implementation of modern investment activity has revealed the existence of problems, the solution of which requires in-depth theoretical research of the basic categories of market investment relations and their interaction. Without this, it is impossible to attract investment and manage the investment process. A study of the definitions of the concept of “investment” was conducted, which allowed us to clearly present the entire complex of problems related to the management of investment activities and the classification of investments. Classification features were considered and proposed, which do not exhaust the entire variety of types of investments. It was proved that they more fully take into account the essential features of the concept of investment, the versatility of their types and forms, which reveals the motives, goals and incentives of investors and is extremely necessary for substantiating the need to attract investments to the country's economy and developing an effective policy for their regulation. The lack of a clear approach to defining the essence and content of the category of “investment” made it possible to define investments as all property. Intellectual values invested in objects of entrepreneurial and other types of activity, a result of which profit (income) created or a social effect is achieved, and to propose a more complex classification along with traditional features. Classification of investments according to the proposed features will allow for further improvement in attracting investments to the country.