Estimation of winter durum wheat varieties according to grain productivity and quality

The most effective way to increase grain production is to develop and introduce new varieties that provide a significant productivity increase and improve grain quality. The purpose of the current study was to estimate productivity and quality indicators of winter durum wheat varieties in the south of the Rostov region. The study was conducted at the “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2020–2023. The objects of the study were 13 winter durum wheat varieties, including the standard variety ‘Kristella’. The analysis of the results has shown that productivity in 2020–2023 varied from 7.57 to 9.31 t/ha, the standard variety ‘Kristella’ produced 7.99 t/ha, with the largest yields produced by the varieties ‘Pridonie’ (9.31 t/ha) and ‘Grafit’ (9.08 t/ha). In terms of hardiness, the variation was from 67 % in the variety ‘Khrizolit’ to 84 % in the variety ‘Grafit’, while the standard ‘Kristella’ was of 80 %. Grain nature weight with high values of 770 g/l was identified in the varieties ‘Diona’ (777 g/l), ‘Yakhont’ (798 g/l), ‘Yantarina’ (787 g/l), ‘Uslada’ (771 g/l), ‘Lakomka’ (775 g/l), ‘Ellada’ (788 g/l), ‘Pridonie’ (788 g/l), ‘Karotinka’ (792 g/l). Over the years of study, according to 1000-grain weight there were identified the varieties ‘Ellada’ (40.7 g), ‘Pridonie’ (39.4 g), ‘Karotinka’ (39.9 g), ‘Grafit’ (38.0 g), while the value of the standard ‘Kristella’ was 37.2 g. The studied winter durum wheat varieties corresponded to the 1-st class (GOST 9353-2016) according to gluten percentage in grain, and to the 2–3 class according to gluten quality. There have been established that the varieties ‘Diona’ (45 ml), ‘Yakhont’ (40 ml), ‘Grafit’ (40 ml) are of high SDS-sedimentation. There have been determined that the varieties ‘Kristella’ (15.28 %), ‘Yakhont’ (15.32 %), ‘Diona’ (14.92 %), ‘Yubilyarka’ (14.93 %), ‘Ellada’ (14.72 %), ‘Karotinka’ (14.78 %) are of high protein percentage. An average positive correlation was identified between productivity and grain nature weight (r = 0.56±0.06), and SDS-sedimentation (r = 0.34±0.08).