Smart Parking in Sustainable Environment: Challenges and Future Perspectives

The intelligent technologies are changing and growing rapidly, which is propelled by empirical research and technological innovations that enable the development of a multitude of intelligent devices, appliances, and systems. The deployment of the smart parking system is becoming progressively crucial due to the high population and has a significant impact within sustainable environments. A considerable amount of individuals favor using personal vehicles for practical reasons, causing a surge in car counts and, thus, greater traffic issues. Moreover, the activity of smart parking is the most disordered undertakings, contributing to traffic bottlenecks and an escalation in the expenditure of resources. This comprehensive study examines the AI-enabled parking system viewpoint, focusing on the realms of Deep Learning (DL), which are prominent and advancing fields. It encompasses reviewing the prevailing cutting-edge advancements in smart parking systems that amalgamate the previously mentioned domains. Additionally, the survey investigates the significance of smart parking within the context of the smart city ecosystem and the satisfaction of adopting Parking 4.0. Moreover, this cleared of current difficulties associated with smart parking systems, possible intervention strategies, and future opportunities for their rollout are also analyzed. This study also shows that smart parking systems may be performed well in the future by leveraging cutting-edge AI and machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the DL model by YOLOv8 leads to more advancements in the accuracy 99%, and robustness of intelligent transportation technologies and, therefore, a safer and more sustainable digital future.