The use of Generative AI, Optimization Algorithms, and IoT Technologies in Enhancing Pilgrims’ Journey

This paper presents an innovative solution to enhance the transportation experience of pilgrims during Hajj, focusing on the journey from Jeddah to the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah. Managing the transportation of millions of pilgrims within a constrained timeframe poses significant logistical challenges, often addressed using inefficient manual methods. Our approach integrates Generative AI for data extraction and retrieval, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) for algorithmic optimization, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for real-time tracking. The system automates the allocation of pilgrims to buses, optimizing travel distances, reducing the number of buses required, and maximizing capacity utilization. Furthermore, a voice-enabled chat interface powered by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) provides real-time information access for both staff and pilgrims. Comparative evaluations reveal that our approach outperforms traditional methods, achieving over 40 times faster bus allocations and a 13% reduction in the number of buses required, leading to enhanced efficiency, resource utilization, and cost savings of an approximately 16 million Saudi Riyals in two months. This system ultimately delivers a seamless, efficient, and comfortable transportation experience for pilgrims.