Decentralized Framework for Enhancing Satellite Navigation Accuracy and Security: Integrating Blockchain with GNSS

Distributed ledger technologies, particularly blockchain, have gained significant attention for applications like health data sharing. However, their utility in enhancing satellite navigation systems remains limited. This study addresses the existing challenges in satellite-based navigation and introduces a decentralized Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data-sharing framework aimed at improving both accuracy and security. Unlike traditional centralized approaches, the proposed decentralized system utilizes multiple satellite signals to cross-verify positional data, reducing noise, increasing precision, and filtering out inaccuracies. Simulations indicate that the decentralized framework achieves high performance, processing 99.94 transactions per second with a 0.01-second response time, a 1.00 Cross-Validation Agreement Ratio, a 0.20-second convergence time, and a redundancy efficiency of 0.20. These findings underscore the advantages of decentralized GNSS systems over centralized ones, particularly in terms of scalability, reliability, and processing efficiency. The work lays a foundational framework for integrating blockchain operations into GNSS models, offering innovative solutions for secure and efficient satellites.