Autonomous power supply of facilities based on renewable energy sources

Introduction. The article examines the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing autonomous power supply systems based on renewable energy sources (RES) for facilities located in mountainous and remote areas. Such territories often face a lack of access to centralized power grids, harsh climatic conditions, and logistical difficulties. It is shown that the integration of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, and energy storage systems allows for reliable power supply to low-power critical infrastructure such as meteorological stations, communication posts, and research bases. The study emphasizes the importance of combining various energy sources and proper system architecture in achieving energy resilience under complex natural and geographic conditions. Methods. The methodology includes statistical modeling of energy generation and consumption processes based on regional meteorological data. A probabilistic approach was used to determine the duration of energy-producing and accumulator periods, while the reliability of hybrid power supply configurations was assessed using Markov chains. Energy consumption profiles for different types of facilities were simulated, and the lifetime and performance of energy storage systems were estimated depending on temperature and usage cycles. Economic evaluation was also carried out to determine the optimal configuration in terms of energy cost. Results. The results showed that the most efficient configuration for high-altitude regions combines RES with accumulator systems and a small backup fuel generator. It was determined that using direct current loads increases the overall system efficiency. Polynomial approximations of wind-dependent generation periods were derived, and it was shown that reliability increases significantly in the wind speed range of 4.5–5.5 m/s. Comparative analysis of three system scenarios confirmed that hybrid solutions reduce the need for fuel consumption and increase system stability during seasonal fluctuations and sub-zero temperatures. Conclusions. The article highlights the importance of flexible system architecture in adapting to the diverse climatic and operational conditions of mountainous regions. It is concluded that integrating renewable sources with storage and selective backup not only improves the reliability and sustainability of energy supply but also reduces operating costs. The presented methods and results can be used in the design of autonomous energy complexes for remote infrastructure, especially in hard-to-access or isolated territories where traditional solutions are inefficient or unfeasible.