Graphene-Based Nanocoatings for Dental Implants: Strengthening Performance at the Nanoscale

Graphene, a single layer of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms, is gaining prominence in dental implantology due to its exceptional strength, conductivity, biocompatibility, and surface functionalization capabilities. Graphene-based nanocoatings enhance implant performance by improving mechanical durability, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity while promoting osseointegration through osteoblast stimulation. Derivatives like graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enable further customization for drug delivery and biofunctionalization. Various deposition techniques—such as chemical vapor deposition, electrophoretic deposition, and dip coating—enable uniform and functional coatings. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate reduced pathogen colonization and improved bone integration. Despite promising outcomes, challenges remain in standardizing coating methods, ensuring long-term safety, and achieving scalable production. Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to transition these innovations into clinical practice. This review summarizes recent developments in graphene-based nanocoatings for dental implants, focusing on material properties, biological interactions, and clinical potential, while identifying key areas for future research and clinical translation.