Effect of clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum) on spermatogenic cells and Leydig cells in the unilateral cryptorchidism albino rat model (Rattus norvegicus)

The increase in testicular temperature caused by cryptorchidism can lead to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and others. Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum ) contains eugenol, a compound known for its potent antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clove flower extract on spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids) and Leydig cells in albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) with surgically induced cryptorchidism. The method used was posttest-only control group design. A total of 24 male rats were randomly assigned to six groups, divided into two treatment durations of 18 days and 36 days. The 18-day interval groups consisted of K-1, K+1, and P+1, while the 36-day interval groups included K-2, K+2, and P+2. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids, and Leydig cells. Duncan's multiple range test was applied to data showing significant differences ( P < 0.05). The results indicated that administration of clove flower extract in albino rats with surgically induced cryptorchidism, at both 18-day and 36-day intervals, significantly increased the number of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids) and Leydig cells. Administration of clove flower extract significantly increased the number of spermatogenic and Leydig cells in albino rats with surgically induced cryptorchidism, indicating its potential as a supportive therapy against oxidative stress-induced testicular damage. Clove flower extract may serve as a temporary supportive therapy in unilateral cryptorchidism cases; however, surgical intervention remains strongly recommended.