Investigating Phytochemical Constituent and Anti-Anemic Properties of Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Carica papaya Leaves in a Rat Model

Background: Anemia, affecting 24.8% of the global population, is a common blood disorder caused by deficiencies in haemoglobin or red blood cells due to factors like chronic illness, iron deficiency, and genetics.Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and cardiac issues.Iron supplements are the standard treatment but can have negative effects.Emerging research focuses on plant-based treatments, especially papaya leaves, rich in polyphenols and nutrients, which show promise in reducing anemia-related oxidative stress and improving red blood cell iron levels.The aim of the study: To determine the anti-anemic activity of polyphenol rich extract of papaya leaves in rats.Phytochemical compounds were analysed by a qualitative method.Materials and methods: The evaluation of antianemia activity was initiated by induction of rats with Phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kgBW) intraperitoneally for three days; after induction, the rats were given polyphenol-rich extract of papaya leaves for 20 days orally.On day 21, rat blood was collected through the inferior vena cava, then the hematological profile, haemoglobin, erythropoietin concentration and malondialdehyde were measured.Results: The results indicated that the polyphenol-rich extract of papaya leaves contained various phytochemical content.The total phenol content was a 41.3256 0.4792 mg GAE/g sample, whereas the total flavonoid content was a 12.870.3387mg QE/g sample.Antioxidant activity from the DPPH assay was evaluated as an IC50 concentration of 40.49g/ml.In vivo examination revealed that papaya leaves extract has the potential as antianemic.The dose of 100 mg and 200 mg/kgBW showed hematology profile improvement significantly different from the negative control (p<0.05).Conclusion: The doses of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg BW showed potent activity in improving anemic rat condition.