Solar Parameters Associated With Geomagnetic Storms during the Current Solar Cycle 25

The results of our investigation into the extraterrestrial causes of severe geomagnetic storms (Dst -100nT to Dst -200nT) that occurred during solar cycle 25 (2019–2022) are presented in this study. According to reports, magnetic clouds, sheath fields, followed by CMEs and solar flare areas at the leading fronts of highspeed streams, were the interplanetary structures most frequently responsible for the production of major storms. However, it has been demonstrated that the relative significance of each of those driving structures varies depending on the solar cycle phase. Around solar maximum, the sheath region immediately following the forward shock and the CME's self-ejection, are both crucial for the generation of storms featuring strong southbound IMFs. Positive Dst Values are brought on by the plasma that strikes the Earth's magnetosphere during solar maxima.