Comparative characteristics of the new winter common wheat variety ‘Ayuta’

One of the main trends of winter common wheat breeding at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” is the development of universal varieties that combine a set of economically valuable traits and properties, such as high and stable productivity at various growing conditions, short stems, complex resistance to unfavorable environmental factors and product quality corresponding to valuable and strong wheat. The purpose of the current work was to estimate the new winter common wheat variety ‘Ayuta’ according to economically valuable traits in comparison with commercial varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. There have been studied 10 varieties of Zernograd breeding in 2020–2024 after such forecrops as maize for grain, green manure fallow, peas and sunflower. The new winter common wheat variety ‘Ayuta’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2024 for the Central Blackearth and North Caucasus regions. During the years of study, the variety formed large productivity in comparison with the standard after all studied forecrops, namely maize for grain (7.90; +0.63 t/ha), green manure fallow (9.88; +0.60 t/ha), peas (8.11; +0.29 t/ha), sunflower (6.08; +0.24 t/ha). The most stable varieties with high ecological resistance in the trial were ‘Don 107’, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Ayuta’ (productivity range of 26.5–28.8 %; stability factor of 1.36–1.40). The new variety meets the main requirements of agricultural production, such as a low height (84.1 cm), lodging resistant (5 points), resistant to brown rust (0–5 %), powdery mildew (1.5 points). The variety was included in the lists of “valuable wheat” due to grain quality.