The effect of weather conditions on seed productivity and adaptability of sarepta mustard in the Rostov region

The purpose of the current study was to estimate the breeding material of spring Sarepta mustard according to the main parameters of productivity and adaptability to cultivation under insufficient moisture of the Rostov region, to identify highly productive, ecologically adaptable, stress-resistant varieties suitable and in demand in the regions with similar weather and climate conditions. There has been conducted an estimation of the breeding material of spring Sarepta mustard in the preliminary variety testing according to the main parameters of productivity and adaptability to cultivation in the area with insufficient moisture. Highly productive, ecologically plastic, stress-resistant cultivars have been identified for further breeding work when creating new varieties of Sarepta mustard. There have been described weather conditions in the years of the study (2020–2022). The year of 2022 was the most favorable for the growth and development of Sarepta mustard plants, having a positive value of the environmental index (Ij = +0.16), the mean productivity of the samples was 2.08 t/ha. The analysis of the obtained data allowed identifying the most stress-resis- tant varieties of Sarepta mustard with high genetic flexibility, stability and adaptability. According to the stress resistance index, the variety sample № 2466 was the best one (-0.1), the other variety samples developed in the conditions of the Don Experimental Station were within the range of (-0.2) – (-0.5). The samples № 2547, № 2466 and № 67505 were found to be of high genetic flexibility and adaptability. The samples № 2466 and № 2497 demonstrated stability with σd2 = 0.29 and σd2 = 0.42. The samples № 67505 and № 2466 were characterized by a high degree of adaptability (104.7 % and 105.7 %). The standard variety ‘Luks’ and the variety ‘2547’ were close to 100 %. As a result, there have been identified such samples № 67505, № 2466, № 2547, № 2497 with different levels of manifestation of the main economic traits that have breeding value.