COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE CONTEXT OF ADAPTATION TO THE EU: CONCLUSIONS FOR UKRAINE

Comparative legal analysis of constitutional reforms in central and eastern Europe in the context of adaptation to the EU: conclusions for UkraineThe relevance of the study is due to the transformation of the constitutional order of Ukraine in the context of European integration and martial law.The purpose of the study is to provide a comparative legal analysis of constitutional reforms in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and the Baltic States) in the context of adaptation to EU standards and to formulate recommendations for Ukraine.To this end, the author sets the following tasks: to outline the chronology and nature of the main constitutional reforms in these countries, to identify common and distinctive features and to systematize the changes made in line with European requirements.The article uses comparative legal, historical and legal, and systemic methods.The analysis shows that constitutional reforms in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Baltic States were carried out in the context of preparation for EU accession and included a review of the powers of the branches of government, strengthening of human rights guarantees and adaptation of constitutional control to European standards.In particular, Poland revised the procedures for constitutional review of laws, Slovakia intensified the harmonization of national legislation with the acquis communautaire, and the Baltic states introduced institutional innovations aimed at protecting human rights and synchronizing legislation with EU norms.The key conclusions show that the lessons learned will help improve constitutional approaches in Ukraine.In particular, it is recommended to strengthen the independence of the judiciary, clarify the mechanisms of constitutional control, and harmonize the basic principles with European legislation.The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive comparison of the experience of several European countries regarding constitutional amendments and determining its significance for reforming the Constitution of Ukraine.The practical value of the study lies in the substantiation of recommendations for improving the constitutional legislation of Ukraine, taking into account EU standards and the needs of wartime.