TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE NATURAL LOSSES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DURING STORAGE IN TANK FARMS

The analysis of the current state of the oil product market in the world and in Ukraine gives grounds to claim that resource and energy saving become key priorities not only in the energy sector but also in public policy as a whole. According to expert estimates, the elimination of petroleum products can provide up to 20 % of the overall potential for saving fuel and energy resources, which emphasizes the extreme importance of improving the efficiency of storage, transportation and use of petroleum products. At the present stage, improving the efficiency of using motor fuels is one of the most promising and realistic directions of simultaneous solution of both energy and environmental problems. The purpose of this work is to summarize the methods and approaches to solving the complex problem of forecasting and reducing hydrocarbon emissions in the reservoir parks of oil and petroleum products. Detailed studies of many existing techniques and regulatory documentation on the problems of determining the loss of oil and petroleum products during storage in tanks have found that the loss of petroleum products during storage in reservoirs have a significant impact on both the environmental situation and the economic efficiency of operation of oil and gas facilities. Analysis of modern technologies of capture and utilization of hydrocarbon vapors showed that none of the traditional ways (gas, adsorption, absorption, cooling, membrane separation, combustion) does not provide a comprehensive solution to the problem without significant restrictions or shortcomings. The comparative analysis made it possible to substantiate the prospect of a combined method of capturing vapors of petroleum products based on the thermodynamic cycle of Carnot. The essence of the method is that the mixture of oil steam with air is first compressed, while part of the internal energy of the mixture goes into thermal energy. Then the thermal energy from the mixture is collected and, with the internal energy of the mixture, goes to a lower level. Then there is a decrease in pressure through a throttle device, or with a deantier, that is. Returning the mixture to initial pressure, but at a lower level of internal energy, which leads to a decrease in temperature and intense condensation of the petroleum product. The implementation of this method is possible with the help of the authors offered by the authors for reducing the loss of petroleum products on gas stations and storage bases. Extra purification of the release air by the adsorption filter can minimize the environmental impact. The proposed device will significantly increase the efficiency of capture of oil vapor during storage in the tank park.Thus, the proposed technology combines the benefits of several approaches, ensuring high -efficiency, energy efficiency and economic feasibility, and can also be implemented in the conditions of existing oil depot infrastructure and gas stations.