Electrochemical recognition of MMA-A biomarker for vitamin B ₁₂ deficiency based on β-cyclodextrin self-assembled on polyaminothiazole

For the first time, the efficient electroreduction and identification of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was achieved using a carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrode modified with polyaminothiazole-β-cyclodextrin (PAT-β-CD). The recognition capabilities of the β-CD/PAT/CFP and PAT/CFP electrodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, revealing the significant influence of β-CD on the observed electroanalytical behaviour. Specifically, a PAT-β-CD modified CFP electrode was fabricated by electropolymerizing aminothiazole, serving as a substrate for β-CD self-assembly through hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of β-CD and the nitrogen atoms of the polyaminothiazole ring system. This as-prepared electrode exhibited a novel electrochemical method for the identification of MMA. Notably, the final β-CD/PAT/CFP electrode demonstrated superior electrocatalytic activity towards MMA reduction under optimized conditions compared to bare CFP and other modified electrodes. This modified electrode displayed an extended linear concentration range of 10 nM to 270 nM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 nM. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst demonstrated excellent stability, repeatability, and negligible interference from other species. Finally, the developed β-CD/PAT/CFP electrode was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of MMA in human urine samples.