Transitioning to Legality: How to Regulate the Adult Use Cannabis Market in Colombia

Considering existing models in the United States, Uruguay, and Canada, this policy commentary highlights the need for context-specific regulatory frameworks for adult use cannabis markets that align with national objectives. Colombia, a major player both in the global cocaine trade and the regional cannabis market, faces unique challenges in its quest in regulating cannabis for adult use. This policy commentary provides insights into the Colombian cannabis context, outlining the objectives necessary for designing an effective regulated market with social equity considerations. The policy recommendations address critical enablers such as developing public health policy for cannabis use, improving urban and rural security conditions, and setting up a market transition process that foster fair competition, social equity, and environmental sustainability. The recommendations center on developing a licensing model for producers and retailers that facilitates the integration of illicit and “gray” industry participants in the newly regulated market. Beyond well-known measures (such as prohibiting access to minors, restricting advertising, setting up strict packaging and quality controls, launching educational campaigns), the policy brief emphasizes a strategic sequence in policymaking that can promote the growth of an equity-focused cannabis industry. This entails characterizing the current cannabis market, framing the launch of the transition via pilot programs that can make rapid policy adjustments, and designing a tax framework that fosters the absorption of the illegal industry. Recognizing the gradual nature of this transformative process, the article urges a shift in public discourse towards nuanced discussions about regulatory decisions and away from the social desirability of cannabis regulation.