Spatial Disparities and Fertilizer-Use Efficiency in Crop Production: A District-Level Analysis of Haryana (2006–2022)

This study investigates the inter-district disparities in crop productivity and the efficiency of fertilizer use across Haryana between 2006 and 2022. Drawing upon a 17-year dataset covering six major crops—wheat, rice, bajra, mustard, cotton, and sugarcane—the paper evaluates spatial and temporal yield trends using metrics such as mean yield, coefficient of variation (CV), and trend slopes. Districts are grouped into performance typologies to identify zones of stable growth, volatility, and decline. The analysis is further expanded through fertilizer–yield linkage assessment using indicators like Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE), Fertilizer Intensity Index (FII), and N:P:K balance. Findings reveal persistent yield heterogeneity, with northeastern districts (Karnal, Kaithal, Kurukshetra) emerging as high-stable performers, while southern and western districts (Mewat, Rewari, Charkhi Dadri) exhibit declining trends and higher volatility. Fertilizer responsiveness is crop- and district-specific: wheat and sugarcane demonstrate strong positive correlations with input use, while bajra and cotton reflect minimal responsiveness, underscoring the need for diversified, crop-specific strategies. The study emphasizes the urgency of spatially targeted policies, balanced nutrient management, and climate-adaptive interventions to ensure sustainable agricultural productivity in Haryana.