EXOPLANET DETECTION METHODS: AN OVERVIEW OF TECHNIQUES AND LIMITATIONS

This article provides an overview of the main methods used in the search for exoplanets, including the transit method, radial velocity, astrometry, and direct imaging. Through the analysis of various sources, the applicability, strengths, and inherent limitations of each technique are assessed. The transit method, responsible for approximately 75 % of exoplanet discoveries to date, is the most widely used due to its ability to achieve high precision without requiring large telescopes. Its efficiency and the detailed information it provides on the characteristics of planets make it a fundamental tool in this field. Although the article does not present original results, it does offer a detailed discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the analyzed methods, providing a conceptual framework that contributes to a better understanding of their impact on contemporary astronomy. Furthermore, it underscores the need to strengthen the rigor of data documentation and review processes, identifying key areas for improving the accuracy and reliability of scientific research. Finally, future lines of work are proposed, focusing on the development of new tools and methodologies that will overcome the current challenges in exoplanet detection.