ADAPTATIONAL REACTIONS TO THE DOSED PHYSICAL LOADS OF FEMALES OF DIFFERENT SOMATOTYPES OF THE MOUNTAIN AREAS OF ZAKARPATTIA

Background. Among the factors that limit the functional capabilities of the aerobic and anaerobic lactate energy supply systems, the cardiovascular system has a leading role. Data from the scientific literature indicate the existing differences in the morphological and functional characteristics of the heart and hemodynamics in representatives of different somatotypes. Therefore, it can be assumed that the immediate adaptive reactions of the cardiovascular system to physical exertion in representatives of different somatotypes are also different. Methods. 102 girls aged 16-20 living in the mountainous areas of the Zakarpattia region were studied. The blood pressure response was studied after performing two bicycle ergometric loads with a power of 1 W and 2 W per 1 kg of the subject's body weight. The somatotype of the subjects was determined by the Heath-Carter method, which is based on anthropometric measurements (height, body mass, skin-fat fold thickness, girth (circumferential), and transverse body dimensions). Results. In females living in the mountainous areas of Zakarpattia, four types of adaptive reactions of diastolic blood pressure to the dosed bicycle ergometric loads were established: a decrease relative to the resting state, a decrease to the occurrence of the “phenomenon of infinite tone”, the absence of a reaction and an increase in blood pressure relative to the resting state (initial level). At the same time, the reaction manifested by an increase in diastolic blood pressure is considered negative. For the occurrence of the “phenomenon of infinite tone”, a load of 1 W per 1 kg of body weight was not enough, as evidenced by the absence of subjects with such a reaction. An increase in the load to 2 W per 1 kg of body weight caused the occurrence of this phenomenon in representatives of all somatotypes. At the same time, the largest number of such cases was recorded in representatives of the endomorphic somatotype (16.7%), and the smallest number was recorded in representatives of the ectomorphic somatotype (6.7%). Analysis of the dynamics of changes in blood pressure under the influence of dosed physical activity revealed that the highest percentage of individuals with an increase in diastolic blood pressure after performing work with a power of 1 W per 1 kg of body mass was observed in representatives of the ectomorphic and mesoectomorphic somatotypes, and the lowest - in representatives of the balanced somatotype. Load with a power of 2 W per 1 kg of body weight caused an increase in diastolic blood pressure most in representatives of the endomorphic somatotype, and the lowest - in representatives of the balanced somatotype. Conclusions. Differences in the response of diastolic blood pressure to the dosed physical activity in females were found depending on the somatotype. They are characterized by the fact that the highest percentage of individuals with a negative reaction of diastolic blood pressure to performing dosed physical activity is observed in representatives of the endomorphic somatotype.