Evaluation and dynamic evolution of maternal and child health services in township health centers in ethnic minority areas of Guangxi, China

The results indicate an upward trend in the incidence rates of birth defects and low birth weight in MCH services. Disparities in efficiency across regions are observed, which are associated with the economic status and capacity of MCH services in each area. Dynamic results from the Malmquist index show that the total factor productivity of MCH services experienced an upward trend from 2016 to 2021, with efficiency primarily influenced by scale efficiency. Updating management concepts is crucial for effectively addressing the relationship between scaling up and quality improvement.