Risks and economic expediency of using geothermal resources as a source of renewable energy

The permanent increase in energy demand on the global level is accompanied by a number of challenges, the main of which is to find new ways and approaches that can level the dependence on limited hydrocarbon resources and promote decarbonization processes in society. In the context of intensive diffusion processes between economic, environmental, and social problems, the most rational option is the transition to renewable energy sources (RES). One of the most promising trends is the development of the geothermal sector, given its inexhaustibility, cost-effectiveness, and lack of direct dependence on seasonal fluctuations. As part of the study, information on current energy-renewable trends was analyzed and summarized; the current state of the energy system in Ukraine and its prospects under conditions of the geothermal sector' active development were highlighted; the global regulatory sectoral differences were traced and the ways of leveling the existing contrasts with the national system were suggested; the conceptual models were created regarding the most significant risks and threats to the implementation of geothermal projects in Ukraine; the current economic indicators of geothermal facilities in three different promising regions of Ukraine were assessed and the level of feasibility of implementing operations at each of them was determined. The results of economic assessments proved the perspectiveness of all studied objects. However, in order to minimize the risks of implementing these projects within the period of martial law, recommendations were made on the priority of further operations at each of them.