A Comparative Evaluation of Bone Width, Bone Height, and Primary Implant Stability in Grafted and Nongrafted Bone: A Randomized Controlled Trial

socket grafting, and socket augmentation.In cases of severe resorption of the alveolar ridge, an ideal placement of implant may not be possible due to the presence of vital structures like the inferior alveolar nerve, maxillary sinus, etc.The implant placement in these cases becomes difficult, if not impossible, and may require additional surgical procedures like sinus lift in the maxillary posterior, ridge split techniques, or inferior alveolar nerve repositioning in the mandible.Therefore, bone grafting is IntroductIonAn adequate dentition is of importance for the well-being and quality of life of a human being.Despite advances in preventive dentistry, edentulism is described as the "final marker of disease burden for oral health." 1 In order to overcome the problems with conventional prosthesis, implant came into existence and has become increasingly common for management of tooth loss. 1 Dental implants are an ideal option for people in good general oral health who have lost a tooth due to caries, trauma, or advanced periodontal disease.Tooth extraction and subsequent healing of the socket commonly result in osseous deformities of the alveolar ridge, including reduced height and reduced width of the residual ridge. 2 The labial plate of the alveolar bone is frequently lost as a result of tooth extraction and the socket's subsequent healing.The rate of bone loss further increases over a period of time.An average of 40-60% reduction in the buccolingual width of bone has been estimated, in addition to a decrease in bone height at 12 months after extraction, 3 while two-thirds of this reduction has been documented to occur within the first 3 months. 4lveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is "a procedure to arrest or minimize alveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction for future prosthodontic treatment including placement of dental implants." 5ARP was first described as "bone maintenance" in 1982 6 and is synonymous with socket preservation, ridge preservation, 1,2,