A study on characterization of morphological diversity among different mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties with respect to tree attributes under Raipur’s agro-climatic condition

Mango (Mangifera indica L.), known as the “king of fruits” is a vital crop in India, which leads global production with over 40% of the world’s output. In 2021-22, India produced 20,772 thousand metric tons, contributing significantly. Mango exhibits high genetic diversity, making characterization essential for breeding and conservation. Chhattisgarh, with 7,753 hectares under mango cultivation, produces 473,333 metric tons, reflecting both economic and cultural importance. This study evaluated 15 mango varieties at the Government Horticultural Nursery, Paragaon, Raipur, under local Agro-climatic conditions using a Randomized Block Design. Key morphological traits such as tree height, trunk girth, crown diameter, crown shape, branching and foliage density were measured following IPGRI descriptors. Results showed considerable diversity among varieties. Growth habits were categorized as erect, drooping, and spreading, with spreading predominant (80%). Crown shapes were mainly semi-circular and broadly pyramidal. Branching and foliage densities varied, with most varieties exhibiting dense growth. Tree heights ranged from 4.37 m (Gaddemaar) to 18.43 m (Dashehari), with diverse height classes supporting varied orchard designs. Trunk diameters ranged from 0.41 m (Alphonso) to 1.08 m (Dashehari), indicating differences in structural strength. Crown diameters varied widely, with large-crowned varieties suited for traditional orchards and compact types ideal for high-density planting. In summary, the study highlights significant morphological variation among mango varieties in Chhattisgarh, influenced by genetics and environment. This diversity is crucial for selecting varieties adapted to local conditions, optimizing orchard management and enhancing productivity, thereby supporting sustainable mango cultivation in the region.