Investigation of disorders of thoracoabdominal region based on ultrasonography finding and ultrasound guided sample collection in cattle

The present study aimed to characterize thoracoabdominal disorders in bovines using clinical assessment, ultrasonography, and surgical or postmortem confirmation. Forty-one bovine cases were comprehensively evaluated. Each animal underwent detailed clinical examination, transabdominal and transthoracic ultrasonography, and diagnostic interventions including fluid centesis, contrast radiography, and biopsy. Ultrasound findings were compared against exploratory or postmortem outcomes to determine diagnostic reliability. Signalment analysis revealed a predominance of females (85.37%) and a peak incidence in animals aged 3-6 years. Traumatic pericarditis was the most prevalent thoracic disorder, confirmed by ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis. Concurrent pleural and pericardial effusions were also identified. Diaphragmatic hernia presented as biphasic reticular motility within the thoracic cavity. Gastrointestinal disorders constituted the majority of cases, with ruminal dysfunctions, reticuloperitonitis, and intestinal obstruction frequently diagnosed through ultrasonographic parameters such as loop diameter and motility. Urogenital and umbilical conditions, including omphalitis, urinary bladder rupture, and pervious urachus, were evaluated using targeted imaging and contrast studies. External swellings and hernias were differentiated using transcutaneous ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration. Ultrasonography proved to be a reliable, non-invasive diagnostic modality for detecting thoracoabdominal pathologies in bovines, enhancing clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes through targeted therapeutic interventions.