Exosomes in Dermatology: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications.

Background: Exosomes (EXOs), a small extracellular vesicles, are released from many cells and are recognized as significant players in the intercellular communication via transporting molecular cargo, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids thus influencing many types of biological processes. Their discovery have shifted from being cellular debris to their important role in cellular signaling and disease modulation. The role of EXOs in dermatology has obtained important consideration owing to their capability to mediate cellular processes that are pivotal for skin health. Our review aimed to present an overview of exosomes' biological functions, biogenesis, isolation techniques, mechanisms of action and classification along with highlighting EXOs potential role in regenerative medicine, therapeutic delivery, and diagnostic tools and their significant implications in various dermatological conditions, including inflammatory skin diseases, skin aging, wound healing, and hair restoration. Conclusions: EXOs have significant clinical applications as diagnostic markers, therapeutic tools and targets for personalized medicine in dermatology and aesthetics.