Development of a Pictorial-Based Five-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Test to Identify Misconceptions in the Material of Colligative Properties of Solutions

Chemical concepts that are difficult for students to understand will lead to misconceptions or misunderstandings. There are still few chemistry teachers who develop multi-level diagnostic tests to identify misconceptions in students. This study aspires to create an innovative, pictorial-based, five-tier multiple-choice diagnostic test that will empower educators to uncover and address students' misconceptions about the colligative properties of solutions. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Tessmer model. The subject of this study is high school/MA students. The instruments used are five-tier diagnostic tests and evaluation expert validation sheets. Through the content validity test using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), 25 items emerged as strong and valid criteria. The reliability test showcased a remarkable Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.90, affirming that the developed test is a credible tool ready for impactful use. This can identify misunderstandings of high school students on the material of the colligative nature of the solution because the image in the question can provide a representation of the question asked.