Career or Family: A Dialogue between the Theory of “Two Kinds of Production” and Contemporary Marxist Feminism—Rereading <i>Origin</i><i> of the </i><i>F</i><i>amily</i>, <i>Private Property</i

恩格斯在《起源》中论述的“两种生产”理论以唯物史观为基础，揭示了物质资料生产与人类自身生产的辩证关系，认为女性身处“事业与家庭”这一历史性困境的根源在于私有制下阶级关系与生产关系分化。针对当代马克思主义女性主义强调“父权制结构性压迫”的理论转向，以“两种生产”理论为思想武器，指出脱离生产关系变革的单纯性别议题难以触及问题本质，重申妇女发展需以变革生产关系、实现人类解放为根本路径。“两种生产”理论为新时代妇女发展工作提供了科学指导，涵盖妇女主体性建构、思潮应对、人口发展与妇女发展协同、人工智能时代性别分工转型等维度，为推进中国式现代化下的性别问题研究提供理论与实践参考。Engels’ theory of “two kinds of production” in “origin” is based on historical materialism, which reveals the dialectical relationship between the production of material means and the production of human beings themselves, and believes that the root of women’s historical dilemma of “career and family” lies in the differentiation of class relations and production relations under private ownership. In view of the theoretical turn of contemporary Marxist feminism that emphasizes “patriarchal structural oppression”, taking the theory of “two kinds of production” as the ideological weapon, this paper points out that the simple gender issue that is separated from the reform of production relations is difficult to touch the essence of the problem, and reiterates that women’s development needs to take the reform of production relations and the realization of human liberation as the fundamental path. The theory of “two kinds of production” provides scientific guidance for women’s development in the new era, covering the construction of women’s subjectivity, ideological response, population development and women’s development coordination, gender division transformation in the era of artificial intelligence and other dimensions, and provides theoretical and practical reference for promoting gender research under Chinese modernization.