Assessment of Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study Across Multiple Rheumatology Clinics in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidaemia, characterised by altered lipid profiles, is common in RA patients due to chronic inflammation and medication use, contributing to CVD risk. However, limited data exist on the prevalence and impact of dyslipidaemia among RA patients in Saudi Arabia. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in RA patients attending high-volume rheumatology clinics in the Qassim region and examine its association with disease activity and inflammatory markers. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic medical records from Buraidah Central Hospital and Al Rass General Hospital was conducted. Data from 459 RA patients between January 2020 and January 2024 were analysed. Statistical tests, including the Chi-square test and logistic regression, were performed using Python. Results: Dyslipidaemia was prevalent in 21.13% of RA patients. A significant association was found between dyslipidaemia and disease activity scores ( P < 0.001), inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein ( P < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( P = 0.041) and corticosteroid use ( P = 0.0002). However, joint deformities did not show a significant association ( P = 0.058). Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is common among RA patients and is significantly linked to higher disease activity and inflammation. Early screening and lipid management are essential to mitigate CVD risk in RA patients. Future research should explore targeted interventions for lipid control in this population.