Surgery after neoadjuvant therapy in patients with resectable stage IIIB/N2 non-small cell lung cancer

Surgical resection may be a viable option in highly selected cIIIB/N2 NSCLC patients-particularly those who respond well to neoadjuvant therapy and are anatomically resectable. However, tumor invasion and postoperative complications negatively affect survival. These findings underscore the importance of precise patient selection and perioperative management. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the role of surgery in this subset, especially in the context of evolving systemic therapies.