Optimization of short-circuit current density for tailored active region in BiFeO ₃ layer: a computational step into 3rd generation perovskite solar cells

The global energy crisis has intensified the search for sustainable and clean energy alternatives, with solar energy emerging as a promising solution. The global energy crisis has intensified the search for sustainable and clean energy alternatives, with solar energy emerging as a promising solution. This study investigates the performance of BiFeO₃ (BFO)-based perovskite solar cells using COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, focusing on the optimization of layer thicknesses and material properties. The results demonstrate that varying the thickness of the electron transport layer, absorber layer (BFO), and hole transport layer significantly impacts the short-circuit current density (<i>J</i> _sc), open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i> _oc), and power conversion efficiency. Key findings include an optimal BFO thickness of 1210 nm, which balances light absorption and recombination losses, and a peak efficiency of 11.80% was observed. The study highlights the potential of BFO as a multiferroic absorber layer for high-efficiency, low-cost solar cells, paving the way for advancements in renewable energy technology.