Evolving Trends in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Updates

Breast cancer encompasses manifold molecular subtypes and clinical heterogeneity. Distinct therapeutic regimes and the treatment responses vary according to the stage and grade of mammary malignancy. Conventional oncotherapies such as radiation, chemotherapy inflict hazardous toxicities and may lead to disease recurrence. Contemporary research advancements in the arena of immunobiology have paved the way toward efficacious augmentation of host immunity against breast tumor. Although breast tumors were initially considered to be nonimmunogenic, a plethora of clinical and experimental investigations revealed immunotherapy as an emerging alternative with substantial potential and reduced off-target toxicities. Despite looming challenges in the clinical implementation of immuno-therapeutic strategies, there are opportunities for improvement. Here, in this review, the efficacy and risks of evolving strategies of immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies, immuno-checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, cytokine therapy, and breast cancer (BC) vaccines have been elaborated. It also elucidates the ongoing trials which aim for bench-to-bedside administration of immunotherapy for BC care.