Effects of natural regeneration on aboveground carbon stocks and annual carbon sequestration rates in <i>Neltuma flexuosa</i> populations of the Central Monte Desert, Argentina

Abstract Introduction While forests are widely recognized for carbon (C) sequestration, woodlands remain understudied—particularly in how different management regimes affect their C dynamics. Yet, these ecosystems can store significant amounts of C, and their restoration is a key strategy for climate change mitigation. Objectives We assessed the long‐term effects of natural regeneration on both aboveground C stocks and annual C sequestration rates in the Neltuma flexuosa population of the Central Monte Desert, comparing different woodland management regimes. Methods C stocks were estimated using allometric models and Neltuma structure, while C sequestration rates were estimated based on stem growth rates obtained through dendrochronological techniques. Results Woodland management regime alone was not a significant determinant of C stocks. However, well‐preserved stands—characterized by larger trees—were positively associated with greater C stock and were distributed heterogeneously across different management regimes. However, well‐conserved stands showed significantly lower C accumulation in areas with wood extraction and grazing than in restored areas with similar structural attributes, likely due to management practices. Regarding C sequestration, stands with high tree density but small diameter classes tended to sequester less C than those with similar density but larger diameter classes. Conclusions Large trees contributed more to C stocks in restored areas, which aligns with the idea that large individuals are critical for driving C accumulation. Nonetheless, managing high‐density stands of trees at their peak growth stage in grazed areas may enhance C sequestration rates. These findings offer valuable insights for designing restoration strategies focused on maximizing C stocks in woodlands.