Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Aqueous Extract of Moringa Oleifera Lam Leaves and Its Ameliorative Effect on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar Rat: Experimental and Computational Approaches

Silver (AgNPs) with an average diameter of 23 nm has been reported to be produced by the biogenic synthesis of Moringa. oleifera (M. O) aqueous leaves extract. Simple, dependable, quick, economical, and environmentally benign was the synthetic method employed in this investigation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), selected area diffraction pattern (SAED), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. For the purpose of the animal trials, thirty (30) mature male Wistar rats were split into five groups at random (A to E; n = 5). Group A was given daily subcutaneous olive oil injections alone,while the other groups received 3 mg/kg/daily testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneously plus 50 mg/kg/daily AgNPs intraperitoneally (B), 3 mg/kg/daily TP plus 25 mg/kg/daily AgNPs (C), 3 mg/kg/daily TP only (D), and 25 mg/kg/daily AgNPs only (E).The prostate gland, liver, and kidney were prepared for pathological examination when the animals were sacrificed after 14 days. The composition of the M.O extract employed was ascertained by phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis. The efficiency of the nanoparticles against Wistar rats' benign prostatic hyperplasia was investigated for biomedical applications. The aqueous extract of M. O included a considerable quantity of plant fatty acids and phytosterols, which may have contributed to the inhibition of prostatic hypertrophy. It was observed that biogenic AgNPs alleviated hormone-induced prostate enlargement. On the other hand, the cytoarchitecture suffered when biogenic AgNPs were administered at higher concentrations. Green synthesis of AgNPs obtained from aqueous extract of M. O might be beneficialfor the treatment of BPH.