Key principles and technological features of the lyophilization process

This review article discusses the methods and technologies of vaccine lyophilization. It analyzes the main stages of the process as well as certain approaches to optimizing sublimation conditions to improve the efficiency and quality of the final product. Special attention is paid to the role of protective media in ensuring the stability, safety, and biological activity of vaccines, as well as in expanding their storage and transportation conditions. The presented review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of lyophilization technologies in vaccine production and identifies promising directions for future research in this field.