Child Maltreatment Re-report, Substantiation, and Foster Care Placement: A Latent Class Analysis of Child, Caregiver, and Household Risk Factors Across Screened-In and Screened-Out Cases

Children reported to Child Protective Services (CPS) face elevated risks of adverse outcomes. It is essential to identify vulnerable populations and opportunities for early intervention. This study combined qualitative coding of CPS intake reports with latent class analyses to explore the typologies of children and families based on documented risk factors, both across all CPS intake reports (N = 4,344) and separately for screened-in and screened-out cases. We further examined their associations with maltreatment re-report, substantiation, and foster care placement over a three-year follow-up. Results revealed four latent classes: "Financial Hardship," "Caregiver Drug Use," "Child Health Issues," and "Domestic Violence," with the "Financial Hardship" group having the highest risk of experiencing re-reports and foster care placements. We observed variations in risk profiles between screened-in and screened-out reports. Findings highlight the importance of a person-centered approach in identifying high-risk groups and co-occurring risk factors for both screened-in and screened-out reports.