Applying grammatical metaphor from the perspective of systemic functional grammar to the training of outstanding Vietnamese students in primary school

Grammatical metaphor (GM) is a linguistic theory introduced byHalliday in 1985, regarded as a rich resource at the lexico-grammatical level.It allows for a more abstract and concise representation of meaning in language.A key type is ideational grammatical metaphor, which utilises nominalisation -the transformation of verbs or adjectives into nouns -to enhance cohesion and create formal, academic discourse.This process helps express complex ideas more effectively.Another type is interpersonal grammatical metaphor, particularly modality metaphor, which shifts speech functions to modify certainty, politeness, or authority.This mechanism enables speakers to express interpersonal meanings and fulfill various social roles in communication.This paper examines the connections between systemic functional grammar (SFG) and traditional Vietnamese grammar, especially word-class conversion and sentence classification based on indirect speech functions.These aspects play a crucial role in Vietnamese primary education, where students develop linguistic skills.Based on these insights, the paper proposes a structured system of exercises designed to help outstanding students refine their language abilities, ensuring alignment with educational goals.