Research on the Occupational Health and Interventions of Sanitation Workers from the Perspective of Social Work—A Survey and Analysis Based on BJ City

本研究以BJ市环卫工人为研究对象，综合运用问卷调查与深度访谈法，全面剖析其职业健康现状。研究发现，环卫工人在生理健康、心理健康及社会保障方面存在显著问题，如职业病高发、心理压力过大、社会保障体系不完善等。基于增能理论与社会支持理论，从微观、中观、宏观三个层面设计并实施职业防护培训、社区支持网络构建、政策倡导等干预措施，有效提升了该群体的健康意识与社会支持水平。本研究为改善环卫工人职业健康状况提供了理论依据与实践路径，对推动社会公平正义具有重要意义。This study takes the sanitation workers in BJ as the research subjects and comprehensively employs questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews to thoroughly analyze their current occupational health status. The research finds that sanitation workers face significant problems in terms of physical health, mental health, and social security, such as a high incidence of occupational diseases, excessive psychological pressure, and an incomplete social security system. Based on the empowerment theory and social support theory, intervention measures such as occupational protection training, community support network construction, and policy advocacy are designed and implemented from the micro, meso, and macro levels, effectively enhancing the health awareness and social support level of this group. This study provides theoretical basis and practical paths for improving the occupational health status of sanitation workers and is of great significance for promoting social fairness and justice.