Inflight performance and future improvements for the Integral Field Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Experiment, the first far ultraviolet integral field spectrograph

Integral field spectroscopy allows for spectral mapping of extended sources in a time-efficient manner. An integral field unit (IFU) in the ultraviolet on Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) could be used to quickly map extended objects such as supernova remnants or galaxies and their surroundings, but there are technical challenges to an ultraviolet IFU. The Integral Field Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Experiment (INFUSE), a sounding rocket project, is the first static configuration far ultraviolet integral field spectrograph. INFUSE features an f/16, 0.49 m Cassegrain telescope and a 26-element image slicer feeding 26 replica holographic gratings, with spectra imaged by the largest cross-strip microchannel plate detector flown in space. The first launch of INFUSE occurred from White Sands Missile Range on October 29, 2023, and demonstrated spectral multiplexing, successfully detecting ionizing gas emission in the XA region of the Cygnus Loop. INFUSE will launch again in fall 2025 to observe NGC 2366, a local analog for green pea–type galaxies, with several enhancements, including a xenon-enhanced lithium fluoride + aluminum-coated grating, testing the leading flight coating for HWO for the first time. The INFUSE IFU is designed as a pathfinder for a potential IFU mode on HWO, enabling rapid 3D spectroscopy of extended sources.