Research Progress on the Influencing Factors of Children’s Vocabulary Comprehension and Expression

儿童词汇理解与表达能力的发展是语言习得过程中的重要环节，对儿童的认知、社交和学习能力具有深远影响。近年来，随着发展心理学、神经科学和语言学等领域的进展，研究者们逐渐揭示了影响儿童词汇发展的多种因素。本综述旨在系统梳理这些影响因素，重点探讨生物发育因素、家庭语言输入以及社会文化因素对儿童词汇能力发展的影响。生物发育因素包括儿童的运动发展、出生体重、早期词汇处理效率等，家庭语言输入则主要涉及共读行为、互动质量、语音特征及环境噪音等。社会文化因素如语言类型、双语环境、母亲教育水平及民族文化认同等也显著影响词汇发展的进程。本综述不仅为儿童语言发展研究提供理论基础，也为实际语言教育工作提供指导，尤其是在不同文化和社会背景下，帮助更全面地理解儿童语言能力的促进路径。The development of children’s vocabulary comprehension and expression skills is a crucial aspect of language acquisition, significantly impacting their cognitive, social, and learning abilities. In recent years, advancements in developmental psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics have led researchers to uncover the various factors that influence children’s vocabulary development. This review aims to systematically examine these influencing factors, with a focus on how biological development, family language input, and sociocultural factors impact children’s vocabulary development. Biological development includes aspects such as motor skills, birth weight, and early vocabulary processing efficiency. Family language input involves shared reading behaviors, interaction quality, phonetic features, and environmental noise. Social and cultural factors, such as language types, bilingual environments, mothers’ educational levels, and ethnic cultural identity, significantly influence the development of vocabulary. This review not only provides a theoretical foundation for research on children’s language development but also offers practical guidance for language education, particularly in diverse cultural and social contexts, to help better understand the pathways to enhancing children’s language abilities.