A Comparative Study of the English Translation of the Bible from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory—A Case of Lu Chen-Chung Version and <i>New Chinese</i> Version

《圣经》作为犹太民族与基督教信仰体系的核心经典典籍，不仅是希伯来文明与基督宗教思想的精神基石，更在西方文化演进中持续发挥着思想源泉与价值坐标的关键作用。而圣经的汉译，自唐代景教的碑文中的记载至今，也有千余年的历史。在全球化语境下，圣经典籍的跨文化传播呈现出译本多元化特征。本文所研究的吕振中译本是他凭一己之力，耗费三十余年凝结的心血，而新译本是在新的时代背景下产生的具有代表性的版本。20世纪中叶，美国结构主义语言学家尤金·奈达(Eugene A. Nida)基于圣经翻译实践提出功能对等理论(Functional Equivalence Theory)，该理论提倡圣经译本应提供给译入语读者与其原语读者相同的感受。因功能对等理论适用性强，受到了世界各地语言学界和圣经协会的推崇，而后由该理论指导下翻译的各语言圣经版本也层出不穷。本文首先介绍圣经及其中西方翻译史和奈达的功能对等理论，再概括所选吕振中译本和新译本的产生背景、基础文本等方面，进而以詹姆士王英译本为参照，从功能对等的词汇、句法、语篇的角度具体分析译本，探究各自的特点，并从历史、宗教等视角深入挖掘差异背后的原因和翻译策略的选择机制。研究过程中主要运用了例证法、文献研究法及比较研究法，希望通过此研究，能够对圣经译本的研究提出有价值的参考。As the common classic of Judaism and Christianity, the Bible is not only the spiritual cornerstone of Hebrew civilization and Christian religious thought, but also continues to play a key role in the evolution of Western culture as a source of ideas and values. The Chinese translation of the Bible has a history of more than a thousand years since it was recorded in the inscriptions of Nestorianism in the Tang Dynasty. In the context of globalization, the cross-cultural communication of the Bible presents the characteristics of diversified translations. Lu Chen-Chung Version analyzed in this paper is the one that has been completed by oneself for more than 30 years, and the New Chinese Version is a representative version produced under the new era. In the last century, Eugene Nida, an American linguist, summarized the Functional Equivalence Theory of Bible translation in the process of translating the Bible, which advocated that the Bible translation should provide the readers with the same feelings as the readers of the Bible source language. Because of its applicability, it has been highly respected by linguists and Bible societies around the world, and then the translation of Bible versions in various languages under the guidance of this theory has emerged one after another. This paper first introduces the Bible and its Chinese and Western translation history as well as Nida’s theory of Functional Equivalence, then summarizes the background and basic texts of the two selected versions, Lu Chen-Chung Version and the New Chinese Version, and then makes a specific analysis of the differences between the Chinese versions from the perspective of lexical, syntactical and textual equivalence with the King James Version as a reference to explore their respective characteristics and delve deeply into the reasons behind the differences and the choice of translation strategies from perspectives such as history and religion. In the process of research, literature research, comparative research and examples are mainly used, hoping to provide valuable reference for the study of Bible translation.