Selective improvement of intermediate wheatgrass Kernza in terms of productivity: current status and prospects

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to generalize the scientific principles and practical approaches to the selection improvement of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), also known as Kernza, according to a complex of productivity traits, as well as to outline priority areas for further research to increase the efficiency of the selection process, TAKING into account the adaptive potential of the crop in conditions of climate change. Methods. A comparative analysis of scientific publications and field studies in Ukraine and abroad was applied. The methodology is based on the principles of genetics, breeding, statistics, and a systems approach. Hereditary variability, heterosis, molecular markers, and genomic breeding were considered. Results. The existing selection programs and successes in improving Kernza according to such key traits as yield, duration of the growing season, winter hardiness, disease resistance and grain quality were analyzed. Potentially valuable genotypes for further hybridization have been identified. It has been established that the integrated use of traditional and modern biotechnological methods contributes to the acceleration of the breeding process. The role of international programs and the possibility of integrating Ukrainian breeding developments into global sustainable agriculture projects have been highlighted. Conclusions. The intermediate wheatgrass has significant potential as a perennial grain crop with environmental benefits. Effective improvement is possible through a combination of classical and molecular methods, gene pool expansion, and new approaches to phenotyping. Further research should be aimed at creating productive, resistant varieties adapted to the conditions of Ukraine for the development of resource-saving agriculture.