Analysis of the Use of Geothermal Energy for Heating in Azerbaijan

This study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of geothermal energy for heating applications in Azerbaijan, with a specific focus on the Khachmaz region. Despite the country’s growing interest in sustainable energy, limited research has addressed the potential of ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems under local climatic and soil conditions. To address this gap, the study employs GeoT*SOL simulation to evaluate system performance, incorporating site-specific parameters such as soil thermal conductivity, heating demand profiles, and regional weather data. The results show that the GSHP system achieves a maximum seasonal performance factor (SPF) of 5.62 and an average SPF of 4.86, indicating high operational efficiency. Additionally, the system provides an estimated annual CO2 emissions reduction of 1956 kg per household, highlighting its environmental benefits. Comparative analysis with conventional heating systems demonstrates considerable energy savings and emissions mitigation. The study identifies technical (e.g., initial installation complexity) and economic (e.g., high upfront costs) challenges to widespread implementation. Based on these insights, practical recommendations are proposed: policymakers are encouraged to support financial incentives and policy frameworks; urban planners should consider GSHP integration in regional heating plans; and engineers may adopt the simulation-based approach presented here for feasibility studies. This research contributes to the strategic advancement of renewable heating technologies in Azerbaijan.