Formation of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in conditions of climate transformation

Purpose. To study the intensity of protein accumulation in the seeds of modern soybean varieties. Methods. The material for the study was 9 soybeans varieties bred in the V.Ya. Yuryev Institute of Plant Breeding of NAAS of Ukraine. The protein content in the seeds was determined by the Kjeldahl method on the “Infralyum FT-10” instrument, oils – by the gravimetric method according to S.V. Rushkovsky and on the “Infralyum FT-10” instrument. The intensity of protein formation (as well as the oils and the amount of protein and oils) were calculated according to the methods of L.N. Kobyzeva, S.I. Svyatchenko, A.V. Tertyshny. Results. The study revealed a reliable differentiation of soybean varieties according to the main economically valuable and biological characteristics. The average yield during the studied period was 1.63 t/ha, with the lowest indicator observed in the Rayduga variety (1.49 t/ha), and the highest in the Volonterka one (1.84 t/ha). The protein content in the seeds varied from 36.92% (Perlyna) to 39.45% (Fantaziia), with an average value of 38.25%. The oil content varied from 18.14% (Sloboda) to 20.35% (Perlyna), with an average level of 19.24%. According to the indicators of the intensity of protein synthesis (7.32 kg/ha per day), oil (3.56 kg/ha per day) and their total content (10.88 kg/ha per day), the Volonterka variety stood out. Conclusions. Varieties with the maximum indicators in terms of productivity and quality were identified: in terms of yield – Volonterka (1.84 t/ha); in terms of protein content – Fantaziia (39.45%); and in terms of oil content – Perlyna (20.35%); in terms of total protein and oil content – Fortetsia (58.38%). The highest intensity of protein accumulation (7.32 kg/ha per day), oil (3.56 kg/ha per day) and their totality (10.88 kg/ha per day) was recorded in the Volonterka variety.